Also named IUPAC, furan-2.5-dicarboxylic acid or Dehydromucic acid with a chemical formula C6h4O5 and 156.093 g mol-1 as its Molar mass. It is solid white in appearance with 1.604 g/cm3 as its density.
Having melting and boiling points of 342 °C (648 °F; 615 K) and 420 °C (788 °F; 693 K) respectively and is soluble in water and DMSO and a ph level (Acidity) of 2.28.And an extremely high flash point 207 °C (405 °F; 480 K)

A compound of organic chemicals consisting of two carboxylic acid groups attached to a central furan ring. Rudolph Fittig and Heinzelmann first reported it as in dehydromucic acid in 1876, when they produced it via the action of concentrated hydrobromic acid upon mucic acid.

Also identified as one of the 12 priority green chemistry industries, by the United States of America Department of energy, who now named it Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). As a substitute for terephthalic acid (PTA) which is important in polyester and other polymer containing an aromatic moiety production, Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is an important renewable building block.

FDCA Synthesis

Dividing FDCA into four groups, Dehydration of hexose derivatives, Oxidation of 2,5-disubstituted furans, Catalytic conversions of various furan derivatives, and Biological conversion of HMF is the only synthetic method

Dehydration of hexose derivatives

With non-selective yields 120 °C, React time > 20h) According to patent literature this process was also used by DuPont and ADM. Agro Industrie Recherches et Developpements a French company has also patented this process known as the acid-promoted triple dehydration of aldaric (mucic) acids.

Oxidation of 2, 5-disubstituted furans

FDCA routes of HMF for Oxidation. Utilizing varieties of inorganic oxidants, the second class of synthesis, FDCA via oxidation through several routes, to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) using the air over different catalysts of various 2, 5-disubstituted furans with routes including the oxidation reactions, have been reported.

Various furan derivatives by Catalytic conversions

The synthesis of FDCA, from furfural includes reactions describing the Furfural to be oxidized to 2-furoic acid with nitric acid and the latter was subsequently converted to its methyl ester as a third class.

Chloromethylation at position 5 to give 5-chloromethylfuroate converted via ester. The alkaline hydrolysis gave FDCA in 50% yield after oxidized with nitric acid to form dimethyl 2, 5-furandicarboxylate which was the latter

Biological conversion of HMF

Oxidoreductase was isolated from the bacterium Cupriavidus basilensis HMF14 using the enzyme furfural/HMF Recently,
FDCA has also been detected in human urine.
Genetically engineered Pseudomonas putida strain can selectively and completely convert FDCA from HMF by expressing this enzyme