Many birth defects are due to problems during early development in the womb, such as genetic abnormalities, exposure to toxins, and insufficient nutrition.

Heart defects

Heart defects are among the most common birth defects in children, and if left untreated, they can cause life-threatening health conditions and even death. These defects can be genetic or result from certain medical conditions, but ongoing progress in diagnosis and treatment allows children with heart defects to live normal, happy lives. While these defects may require years of surgical intervention, there are many ways to treat these conditions. Your cardiologist can explain the various treatment options available to your child and answer any questions you may have.

Cleft lip and palate

Cleft lip and palate are common birth defects that affect many newborns. They are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Children with a parent or sibling cleft are more likely to develop one. In addition, some medicines that women take during pregnancy may also cause clefting. Some of these drugs include antiseizure drugs and methotrexate, a cancer medication. Smoking during pregnancy may also increase the risk.

While cleft lip and palate aren’t life-threatening, they can lead to a wide range of problems for the child. Depending on the severity of the cleft, a baby with this condition may have feeding difficulties, dental issues, or even ear infections. Proper prenatal care can help minimize these risks and ensure a healthy child.

Down syndrome

The first thing to know about Down syndrome is that it can affect the production of hormones in the body. For example, people with Down syndrome tend to produce insufficient thyroid hormone, which can cause weight issues. It can also lead to type 1 diabetes, which requires insulin injections to control blood sugar levels. Another common symptom of Down syndrome is low muscle tone. This can make it difficult for babies to feed themselves and may lead to problems with swallowing and bowel movements. Some children with Down syndrome may also have trouble with hearing or vision.

Spina bifida

Spina bifida is one of the most common birth defects and can cause various physical disabilities. Some people with the defect experience paralysis, difficulty controlling their bowel or bladder, and hydrocephalus. They can also have developmental delays. Their degree of disability depends on the location of the defect and the quality of care they receive during their development. Spina bifida is not caused by any single genetic cause, and there are now improved treatments that can make life much more comfortable for people with the disorder.