For communication within the network, the communication partner requires knowledge of the basic protocols, which are used for addressing, and the transport of data. In some cases, a poorly implemented network connectivity of the operating system (including faulty software drivers) can be used for network access, which was not provided in this form by the manufacturer. You can consult your network configuration manager if you have any questions in mind.
An example of the utilization of a formerly widespread bug in the implementation of the IP protocol represents Ping of Death, which brings the target system to crash. Similar gaps allow it sometimes to inject code on the target system, thus necessitating Network Configuration and Change Management.
Form and function of an IP address
An IP address is not to be confused with the MAC address, which is a 48-bit identifier to uniquely identify the network card and does not depend on the connection protocol used or the network.
The IP address may change very often due to changes in the network or the device manager inside the network decides to assign IP addresses to assign another IP address (for example, DHCP). This form of IP address assignment is also called dynamic IP address (usually abbreviated as dynamic IP).
Internet sites which by their nature need to be permanently connected generally have a fixed IP address (commonly, fixed IP or static IP). This does not change with time. Mail servers, DNS, FTP servers and public web pages must have a fixed or static IP address because this way their location in the network is allowed.
The computers are connected together by their respective IP addresses. However, we humans are more comfortable to use an easier to remember domain names as notation.
Translation between them is resolved by the domain name servers DNS, which in turn facilitates team when changing IP address, because you can just update the information in the DNS server and other people do not they’ll find, as will clicking on the domain name.
IPv4 addresses
IPv4 addresses are expressed by a 32-bit binary number, allowing an address space of up to 4,294,967,296 (232) possible directions. IP addresses can be expressed as decimal numbers: 32 address bits are divided into four octets.
The decimal value of each byte is in the range of 0 to 255 [the binary number of 8 bits is 11111111 highest and those bits, from left to right, are decimal values of 1, 2 , 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128, adding 255]. In the decimal expression, IPv4 address of each octet is separated by a single character. Each of these bytes can be between 0 and 255.
